A
Austin, J., K. Tourpali, E. Rozanov, H. Akiyoshi, S. Bekki, G. Bodeker, C. Br ühl, N. Butchart, M. Chipperfield, M. Deushi, V.I. Fomichev, M.A. Giorgetta , L. Gray, K. Kodera, D. Kinnison, E. Manzini, D. Marsh, K. Matthes, T. Nagashim a, K. Shibata, R.S. Stolarski, H. Struthers, W. Tian (2008), Coupled chemistry c limate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature, J. Geophys . Res., 113, in press.
Austin, J. , L.L. Hood, and B.E. Soukharev (2007), Solar cycle variations of stratospheric ozone and temperature in simulations of a coupled chemistry-climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1693-1706.
Azeem, S. M. I., Sivjee, G. G., Won, Y.-I., and Mutiso, C. (2007), Solar cycle signature and secular long-term trend in OH airglow temperature observations at South Pole, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A01305, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011475.
B
Balachandran, N. und D. Rind, 1995. Modeling the effects of UV variability and the QBO on the troposphere-stratosphere system. Part I: The middle atmosphere. J. Climate, 8, 2058-2079.
Balachandran, N., D. Rind, P. Lonergan und D. Shindell, 1999. Effects of solar cycle variability on the lower stratosphere and the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27321-27339.
Baldwin, M. und T. Dunkerton, 2001. Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes. Science, 294, 581-584.
Baldwin, M., D. Thompson, E. Shuckburgh, W. Norton und N. Gillet, 2003a. Weather from the stratosphere? Science, 301, 317-319.
Baldwin, M., D. B. Stephenson, D. Thompson, T. Dunkerton, A. Charlton und A. O'Neill, 2003b. Stratospheric memory and skill of extended-range weather forecasts. Science, 301, 636-640.
Baldwin, M., L. Gray, T. Dunkerton, K. Hamilton, P. Haynes, W. Randel, J. Holton, M. Alex- ander, I. Hirota, T. Horinouchi, D. Jones, J. Kinnersley, C.Marquardt, K. Sato und M. Ta- kahashi, 2001. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229.
Baldwin, M.P. and L.J. Gray., 2005. Tropical Stratospheric Winds in ECMWF ERA-40 Reanalysis, Rocketsonde Data and Rawinsonde Data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2004GL022328.
Bates, J., 1981. A dynamical mechanism through which variations in solar ultraviolet radiation can influence tropospheric climate. Solar Phys., 74, 399-415.
Beer, J., 2000. Long-term indirect indices of solar variability. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 53-66.
Beer, J., and B. van Geel (2008), Holocene climate change and the evidence for solar and other forcings, in Natural Climate Variability and Global Warming: A Holocene Perspective, edited by R. W. Batterbee and H. A. Binney, pp. 138–162, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U. K.
Berg, P., Christiansen, B., Thejll, P., and Arnold, N. (2007), The dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to the tropospheric solar signal, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D20122, doi:10.1029/2006JD008237.
Belmont, A., D. Dartt und M. Ulstad, 1965. The 10.7-cm solar flux and the 26-month oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 314-319.
Berson, F. und R. Kulkarni, 1968. Sunspot cycle and the quasi-biennial stratospheric oscillation. Nature, 217, 1133-1134.
Bittner, M., D. Offermann, H.-H. Graef, M. Donner und K. Hamilton, 2002. An 18-year time series of OH temperatures and middle atmosphere decadal variations. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 64, 1147-1166.
Black, R.X., and B.A. McDaniel, 2004. Diagnostic case studies of the Northern Annular Mode, J. Climate, 17, 3990–4004.
Bodeker, G. E., Garny, H., Smale, D., Dameris, M., and Deckert, R. (2007), The 1985 southern hemisphere mid-la titude total column ozone anomaly, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Dis., 7, 7137-7169.
Bond, G., B. Kromer, J. Beer, R. Muscheler, M. N. Evans, W. Showers, S. Hoffmann, R. Lotti- Bond, I. Hajdas und G. Bonani, 2001. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science, 294, 2130-2136.
Bradley, R., M. Hughes und H. Diaz, 2003. Climate in medieval time. Science, 302, 404-405.
Brasseur, G., 1993. The response of the middle atmosphere to long-term and short-term solar variability: A two-dimensional model. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23079-23090.
Brasseur, G. und S. Solomon, 1984. Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dodrecht, Holland.
Bodeker, G. E., Garny, H., Smale, D., Dameris, M., and Deckert, R. (2007), The 1985 southern hemisphere mid-la titude total column ozone anomaly, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Dis., 7, 7137-7169.
Burrage, M., R. Vincent, H. Mayr, W. Skinner, N. Arnold und P. Hays, 1996. Long-term variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere zonal wind. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12847-12854.
C
Cagnazzo, C., E. Manzini, M.A. Giorgetta, P.M. De F. Forster, and J.J. Morcrette (2007), Impact of an improved shortwave radiation scheme in the MAECHAM5 General Circulation Model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2503-2515.
Calisesi, Y., and K. Matthes, 2006. The Middle Atmospheric Ozone Response to the 11-Year Solar Cycle, Space Sc i. Rev., 125, 273-286.
Callis, L., M. Natarajan und J. Lambeth, 2000. Calculated upper stratospheric effects of solar UV flux and NOy variations during the 11-year solar cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3869-3872.
Callis, L., M. Natarajan und J. Nealy, 1979. Ozone and temperature trends associated with the 11-year solar cycle. Science, 204, 1303-1305.
Camp, C.D., and K.-K. Tung (2007a), The influence of the solar cycle and QBO on the late-winter stratospheric polar vortex, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1267-1283.
Camp, C.D., and K.-K. Tung (2007b), Stratospheric polar warming by ENSO in winter: A statistical study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04809, doi:10.1029/2006GL028521.
Camp, C.D., and K.-K. Tung (2007c), Surface warming by the solar cycle as revealed by the composite mean difference projection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L14703, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030207.
Chandra, S. und R. McPeters, 1994. The solar cycle variation of ozone in the stratosphere inferred from Nimbus-7 and NOAA-11 satellites. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20665-20671.
Chanin, M.-L., N. Smirès und A. Hauchcorne, 1987. Long-term variation of the temperature of the middle atmosphere at mid-latitude: dynamical and radiative causes. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10933-10941.
Charbonneau, P., 2000. Great moments in the history of solar physics (1/2/3). http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/great moments.1/2/3.htmlgm 1800/.
Charney, J. und P. Drazin, 1961. Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 83-109.
Christiansen, B., 2001. Downward propagation of zonal mean zonal wind anomalies from the stratosphere to the troposphere: Model and reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27307-27322.
Cobb, K., C. Charles und D. Hunter, 2001. A central tropical Pacific coral demonstrates Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic decadal climate connections. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2209-2212.
Cooper, M., P. O'Sullivan und A. Shine, 2000. Climate and solar variability recorded in Holocene laminated sediments - a prelimenary assessment. Quaternary International, 68-71, 363-371.
Cordero, E.C., and T.R. Nathan, 1999. The Influence of Wave- and Zonal Mean-Ozone Feedbacks on the Quasi-biennial Oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3426-3442.
Cordero, E.C., T.R. Nathan, and R. S. Echols, 1998. An Analytical Study of Ozone Feedbacks on Kelvin and Rossby- Gravity Waves: Effects on the QBO, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1051-1062.
Cordero, E.C., and T.R. Nathan, 2005. A new pathway for communicating the 11-year solar cycle signal to the QBO, Geoophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18805, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023696.
Coughlin, K. und K.-K. Tung, 2004. Eleven-year solar cycle signal throughout the lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D01103, doi:10.1029/2004JD004661.
Coughlin, K. and K. Tung, 2005. Tropospheric Wave Response to Decelerated Stratosphere seen as Downward Propagation in Northern Annular Mode. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D01103, doi:10.1029/2004JD004661.
Crooks, S.A. and L.J. Gray, 2005. Characterisation of the 11-year Solar Signal using a Multiple Regression Analysis of the ERA-40 Dataset. Journal of Climate, 18, 996-1015. [doi:10.1175/JCLI-3308.1].
Crowley, T., 2000. Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years. Science, 289, 270-277.
Cubasch, U. and R. Voss, 2000. The influence of total solar irradiance on climate. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 185-198.
Cubasch, U., G. Hegerl, R. Voss, J. Waszkewitz und T. Crowley, 1997. Simulation with an O-AGCM of the influence of variations of the solar constant on the global climate. Climate Dyn., 13, 757-767.
D
DeLand, M., E. Shettle, G. Thomas und J. Olivero, 2003. Solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) observations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) over two solar cycles. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8445, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002398.
Dikpati, M., and Gilman, P. A. (2007), Global solar dynamo models: simulations and predictions of cyclic photospheric fields and long-term non-reversing interior fields, New Journal of Physics, 9, pp. 297.
Dunkerton, T., D. Delisi und M. Baldwin, 1998. Middle atmosphere cooling trend in historical rocketsonde data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3371-3374.
E
Ebdon, R., 1960. Notes on the wind flow at 50mb in tropical and subtropical regions in January 1957 and January 1958. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 86, 540-542.
Ebdon, R., 1961. Some notes on the stratospheric winds at Canton island and Christmas island. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 87, 322-331.
Ebel, A. und K. Labitzke, 1980. Oscillations of solar activity due to the Sun's rotation and related effects in the middle stratosphere. Annalen Meteor. (N.F.), 15, 109-112.
Ebel, A., B. Schwister und K. Labitzke, 1981. Planetary waves and solar activity in the stratosphere between 50 and 10 mbar. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9729-9738.
Eddy, J., 1976. The Maunder Minimum. Science, 192, 1189-1202.
Egorova, T., E. Rozanov, E. Manzini, M. Haberreiter, W. Schmutz, V. Zubov, and T. Peter, 2004. Chemical and dynamical response to the 11-year variability of the solar irradiance simulated with a chemistry-climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06119, doi:10.1029/2003GL019294.
Egorova, T., E. Rozanov, V. Zubov, W. Schmutz, and Th. Peter, 2005: Influence of solar 11-year variability on chemical composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere simulated with a chemistry-climate model, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 35, 451-457.
Eichkorn, S., S. Wilhelm, H. Aufmhoff, K. Wohlfrom und F. Arnold, 2002. Cosmic ray-induced aerosol-formation: First observational evidence from aircraft-based ion mass spectrometer measurements in the upper troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2002GL015044.
Emile-Geay, J., M. Cane, R. Seager, A. Kaplan, and P. Almasi (2007), El Nino as a mediator of the solar influence on climate, Paleoceanography, 22, PA3210, doi:10.1029/2006PA001304.
F
Fels, S., 1987. Response of the middle atmosphere to changing O3 and CO2 - a speculative tutorial. Transport Processes in the Middle Atmosphere, G. Visconti and R. Garcia (eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dodrecht, Boston, Lancaster, Tokyo, S. 371-386.
Fischer, H., G. Flöser, T. Kumke, G. Lohmann, H. Miller, J. Negendank and H. von Storch, 2003. The KIHZ project: Towards a synthesis of paleoclimate variability using proxy data and climate models. Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press. ??????????????????
Fischer, P., and K. K. Tung (2008), A reexamination of the QBO period modulation by the solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D07114, doi:10.1029/2007JD008983.
Fischer-Bruns, I., U. Cubasch, H. von Storch, E. Zorita, J. Gonzales-Rouco und J. Luterbacher, 2002. Modelling the Late Maunder Minimum with a 3-dimensional O-AGCM. CLIVAR Exchanges - Selected Research Papers, 25, 1-5.
Fleming, E. L., S. Chandra, C. Jackmann, D. Considine und A. Douglass, 1995. The middle atmosphere response to short and long term solar UV variations: analysis of observations and 2D model results. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 333-365.
Foukal, P., 2002. A comparison of variable solar total and ultraviolet irradiance outputs in the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2089, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015474.
Foukal, P., 2003. Can slow variations in solar luminosity provide missing link between the sun and climate? EOS, 84, 205&208.
Friis-Christensen, E., and K. Lassen (1991), Length of the solar cycle: An indicator of solar activity closely associated with climate, Science, 254, 698–700, doi:10.1126/science.254.5032.698.
Fröhlich, C., 2000. Observations of irradiance measurements. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 15-24.
Fröhlich, C., 2003. Solar irradiance variability. In Chapter 2: Solar Energy Flux Variations, American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph Series, 111, in press. ???????????????
Funke, B., M. López-Puertas, S. Gil-López, T. von Clarmann, G. P. Stiller, H. Fischer, and S. Kellman (2005), Downward transport of upper atmospheric NOx into the polar stratosphere and lower mesosphere during the Antarctic 2003 and Arctic 2002/2003 winters, J. Geophys. Res. , 110, D24308, doi:10.1029/2005JD006463.
G
Garcia, R. und F. Sassi, 1999. Modulation of the mesospheric semiannual oscillation by the quasibiennial oscillation. Earth Planets Space, 51, 563-569.
Garcia, R., S. Solomon, R. Roble und D. Rusch, 1984. A numerical response of the middle atmosphere to the 11-year solar cycle. Planet. Space Sci., 32, 411-423.
Garny, H., Bodeker, G. E., and Dameris, M. (2007), Trends and variability in stratospheric mixing: 1979-2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Dis., 7, 6189-6228.
Geller, M. A. (1988), Solar cycles and the atmosphere, Nature, 332, 584–585, doi:10.1038/332584a0.
Geller, M. A., and J. C. Alpert (1980), Planetary wave coupling between the troposphere and the middle atmosphere as a possible Sun-weather mechanism, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1197–1215, doi:10.1175/1520-0469.
Giorgetta, M., 1996. Der Einfluss der quasi-zweijährigen Oszillation auf die allgemeine Zirku- lation: Modellsimulationen mit ECHAM4. Dissertation, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Hamburg, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie.
Giorgetta, M., E. Manzini und E. Roeckner, 2002. Forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation from a broad spectrum of atmospheric waves. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, doi:10.1029/2002GL14756.
Giorgetta, M. A., E. Manzini, E. Roeckner, M. Esch, and L. Bengtsson (2006), Climatology and forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation in the MAECHAM5 model, J. Clim., 19, 3882-3901.
Gleisner, H. und P. Thejll, 2003. Patterns of tropospheric response to solar variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(13), 1711, doi:10.1029/2003GL017129.
Gray, L., 2003. The influence of the equatorial upper stratosphere on stratospheric sudden warmings. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016430.
Gray, L., E. Drysdale, T. Dunkerton und B. Lawrence, 2001a. Model studies of the interannual variability of the northern hemisphere stratospheric winter circulation: the role of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 1413-1432.
Gray, L., S. Sparrow, M. Juckes, A. O'Neill und D. Andrews, 2003. Flow regimes in the winter stratosphere of the northern hemisphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 925-945.
Gray, L., S. J. Phipps, T. Dunkerton, M. Baldwin, E. Drysdale und M. Allen, 2001b. A data study of the influence of the equatorial upper stratosphere on northern hemisphere stratospheric sudden warmings. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 1985-2003.
Gray, L.J., S.A. Crooks, C.L. Pascoe, S. Sparrow, and M.A. Palmer, 2004. Solar and QBO influences on the timing of stratospheric sudden warmings, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2777-2796.
Gray, L. J., W. A. Norton, C. Pascoe and A. Charlton, 2005. A possible influence of equatorial winds on the September 2002 Southern Hemisphere sudden warming event. . J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 651-667. [doi:10.1175/JAS-3339.1].
Gray, L.J., J.D. Haigh, and R.G. Harrison, 2005. Review of the influences of solar changes on the Earth’s climate. Hadley Centre Technical Note 62, Met Office, Exeter.
Grootes, P. M., 2001. Climate variability on centennial to millennial time scales in ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 88, 331, 89-99.
Gray, L.J., S. Crooks, M.A. Palmer, C.L. Pascoe, and S. Sparrow, 2006. A Possible Transfer Mechanism for the 11-Year Solar Cycle to the Lower Stratosphere, Space Sci. Rev. 125, 357-370.
H
Haigh, J.D., 1994. The role of stratospheric ozone in modulating the solar radiative forcing of climate. Nature, 370, 544-546.
Haigh, J.D., 1996. The impact of solar variability on climate. Science, 272, 981-984.
Haigh, J.D., 1999a. A GCM study of climate change in response to the 11-year solar cycle. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 871-892.
Haigh, J.D., 1999b. Modelling the impact of solar variability on climate. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 61, 63-72.
Haigh, J.D., 2000. Solar variability and climate. Weather, 55, 399-407.
Haigh, J.D. 2001. Climate variability and the role of the Sun. Science, 294, 2109-2111.
Haigh, J.D., 2003. The effects of solar variability on the Earth’s climate, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 361, 95–111.
Haigh, J.D. (2007), Solar variability and climate. pp 65-81 of Space Weather: Research towards applications in Europe. Ed. J. Lilensten. Springer Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol. 344.
Haigh, J.D. (2007), The Sun and the Earth’s Climate. Living Rev. Solar Phys., 4 (2), http://www.livingreviews.org/lrsp-2007-2.
Haigh, J.D., M. Lockwood, and M.S. Giampapa, 2005. The Sun, Solar Analogs and the Climate. 426pp. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Haigh, J.D., M. Blackburn, and R. Day, 2005. The response of tropospheric circulation to perturbations in lower stratospheric temperature. J.Climate, 18, 3672–3691.
Haigh, J.D., and M. Blackburn, 2006. Solar influences on dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere, Space Sci. Rev., 125, 331-344.
Haigh, J.D., and H.K. Roscoe, 2006. Solar influences on polar modes of variability. Meteorol. Zeit., Vol. 15, No. 3, 371-378.
Hameed, S. and J.N. Lee, 2005, A mechanism for sun-climate connection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23817, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024393.
Hamilton, K., 2002. On the quasi-decadal modulation of the stratospheric QBO period. J. Climate, 15, 2562-2565.
Hampson, J., P. Keckhut, A. Hauchecorne, and M.-L. Chanin, 2005. The effect of the 11-year solar-cycle on the temperature in the upper-stratosphere and mesosphere: Part II numerical simulations and the role of planetary waves, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 67, 948-958.
Haynes, P., C. Marks, M. McIntyre, T. Shepherd und K. Shine, 1991. On the " downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651-679.
Herschel, W., 1801a. Additional observations tending to investigate the symptoms of its variable emission of light and heat of the sun, with trials to set aside darkening glasses, by transmitting the solar rays through liquids and a few remarks to remove objections that might be made against some of the arguments contained in the former paper. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, S.354.
Herschel, W., 1801b. Observations tending to investigate the nature of the sun, in order to find causes or symptoms of its variable emission of light and heat. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, S. 265.
Hines, C., 1974. A possible mechanism for the production of Sun-weather correlations. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 589-591.
Hirota, I., 1980. Observational evidence of the semiannual oscillation in the tropical middle atmosphere - a review. Pure Appl. Geophys., 118, 217-238.
Holton, J. und R. Lindzen, 1972. An updated theory of the Quasi-Biennial cycle of the tropical stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1076-1086.
Holton, J. und C. Mass, 1976. Stratospheric vacillation cycles. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2218-2225.
Holton, J. und H. Tan, 1980. The influence of the equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2200-2208.
Holton, J. und H. Tan, 1982. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the northern hemisphere lower stratosphere. J. Met. Soc. Jap., 60, 140-148.
Holton, J., P. Haynes, M. McIntyre, A. Douglass, R. Rood und L. Pfister, 1995. Stratosphere- troposphere exchange. Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439.
Hood, L., 2004. Effects of solar UV variability on the stratosphere. In " Solar variability and its effect on the Earth's atmosphere and climate system", AGU Monograph Series, Eds. J. Pap et al., American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 14, 283-303.
Hood, L. und J. McCormack, 1992. Components of interannual ozone change based on Nimbus-7 TOMS data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2309-2312.
Hood, L. und B. Soukharev, 2003. Quasi-decadal variability of the tropical lower stratosphere: the role of extratropical wave forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2389-2403.
Hood, L., J. Jirikowic und J. McCormack, 1993. Quasi-decadal variability of the stratosphere: influence of long-term solar ultraviolet variations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3941-3958.
Hood, L.L., and B.E. Soukharev, 2006. Solar Induced Variations of Odd Nitrogen: Multiple Regression Analysis of UARS HALOE Data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L22805, doi:10.1029/2006GL028122.
Hoyt, D. und K. Schatten, 1993. A discussion of plausible solar irradiance variations, 1700- 1992. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18895-18906.
Hoyt, D. und K. Schatten, 1997. Solar variability and its role in climate change. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Huang, T. und G. Brasseur, 1993. Effect of long-term solar variability in a two-dimensional interactive model of the middle atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20413-20427.
Huth, R., Bochnek, J., Hejda, P. (2007), The 11-year solar cycle affects the intensity and annularity of the Arctic Oscillation, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 69, 1095-1109.
J
Jackman, C., F. Vitt, D. Considine und E. Fleming, 1995. Energetic particle precipitation effects on odd nitrogen and ozone over the solar cycle time scale. In " The Solar Cycle Variation of the Stratosphere: A STEP Working Group 5 Report", edited by L. Hood, University of Arizona, Tuscon, S. 120.
Jackman, C. H., M. T. DeLand, G. J. Labow, E. I. Fleming, and M. López-Puertas (2006), Satellite measurements of middle atmospheric impacts by solar proton events in solar cycle 23, Space Sci. Rev., 125, 381–391, doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9071-4.
Jackman, C.H., D.R. Marsh, F.M. Vitt, R.R. Garcia, E.L. Fleming, G.J. Labow, C.E. Randall, M. Lopez-Puertas, B. Funke, T. von Clarmann, and G.P. Stiller (2008), Short- and medium-term atmospheric constituent effects of verylarge solar proton events, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 765-785.
Jackman, C.H., M.T. DeLand, G.J. Labow, E.L. Fleming, D.K. Weisenstein, M.K.W. Ko, M. Sinnhuber, and J.M. Russell, 2005. Neutral atmospheric influences of the solar proton events in October-November 2003, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S27, doi:10.1029/2004JD010888.
Jones, P., K. Briffa, T. Barnett und S. Tett, 1998. High-resolution palaeoclimatic records for the last millennium: interpretation, integration and comparison with General Circulation Model control-run temperatures. The Holocene, 8(4), 455-471.
K
Keckhut, P., C. Cagnazzo, M.-L. Chanin, C. Claud und A. Hauchecorne, 2003. The effect of the 11-year solar cycle on the temperature in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere: Part I assessment of the observations. Submitted to J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. ???????????????????
Keckhut, P., C. Cagnazzo, M.-L. Chanin, C. Claud, and A. Hauchecorne, 2005. The 11-year solar-cycle effects on the temperature in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere: Part I - Assessment of observations, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys, 67, 940-947.
Kilifarska, N., and J.D. Haigh, 2005. The impact of solar variability on the middle atmosphere in present-day and pre-industrial atmospheres. J. Atmos. Solar-Terrest. Phys., 67, 241-249.
Kodera, K., 1991. The solar and equatorial QBO influences on the stratospheric circulation during the early northern-hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1023-1026.
Kodera, K., 1995. On the origin and nature of the interannual variability of the winter strato- spheric circulation in the northern hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14077-14087.
Kodera, K., 2002. Solar cycle modulation of the North Atlantic Oscillation: Implication in the spatial structure of the NAO. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, doi:10.1029/2001GL014557.
Kodera, K., 2003. Solar influence on the spatial structure of the NAO during the winter 1900-1999. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2001GL016584.
Kodera, K., 2004. Solar influence on the Indian Ocean Monsoon through dynamical processes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24209, doi:10.1029/2004GL020928.
Kodera, K. and Y. Kuroda, 2002. Dynamical response to the solar cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4749, doi:10.1029/2002JD002224.
Kodera, K. and K. Yamazaki, 1990. Long-term variation of upper stratospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere in December. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 68, 101-105.
Kodera, K., M. Chiba und K. Shibata, 1991. A general circulation model study of the solar and QBO modulation of the stratospheric circulation during northern hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1209-1212.
Kodera, K., K. Yamazaki, M. Chiba und K. Shibata, 1990. Downward propagation of upper stratospheric mean zonal wind perturbation to the troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1263-1266.
Kodera, K., K. Matthes, K. Shibata, U. Langematz und Y. Kuroda, 2003. Solar impact on the lower mesospheric subtropical jet in winter: a comparative study with general circulation model simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(D6), 1315, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016124.
Kodera, K., M. E. Hori, S. Yukimoto, and M. Sigmond (2008), Solar modulation of the Northern Hemisphere winter trends and its implications with increasing CO2, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03704, doi:10.1029/2007GL031958.
Kodera, K., K. Coughlin, and O. Arakawa (2007), Possible modulation of the connection between the Pacific and Indian ocean variability by the solar cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03710, doi:10.1029/2006GL027827.
Kodera, K., 2006. The Role of Dynamics in Solar Forcing, Space Sci. Rev., 125, 319-330.
Kodera, K., and K. Shibata, 2006. Solar influence on the tropical stratosphere and troposphere in the northern summer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19704, doi:10.1029/2006GL026659.
Kodera, K., and Y. Kuroda, 2005. A possible mechanism of solar modulation of the spatial structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation, J. Geophys.Res., 110, D02111, doi:10.1029/2004JD005258.
Kriester, B., 1971. Änderungen von stratosphärischen Druckflächen im Zusammenhang mit der Sonnenaktivität. Meteorolog. Rundschau, 24, 71-73.
Krivolutsky, A.A., A.V. Klyuchnikova, G.R. Zakharov, T.Yu. Vyushkova, and A.A. Kuminov, 2006. Dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to solar proton event of July 2000: Three-dimensional model simulations, Adv. Space Res. 37, 1602-1613.
Krivova, N.A., S.K. Solanki, and L. Floyd (2006), Reconstruction of solar UV irradiance in cycle 23, Astron. Astrophys., 452, 631-639.
Kromer, B., M. Friedrich und M. Spurk, 2001. Natürliche Klimavariationen im Spätglazial und Holozän im Spiegel von Baumringserien. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 88, 331, 151-159.
Kryjov, V. N., and Park, C.-K. (2007), Solar modulation of the El-Nino/Southern Oscillation impact on the Northern Hemisphere annular mode, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L10701, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028015.
Kuroda, Y. und K. Kodera, 2002. Effect of solar activity on the polar-night jet oscillation in the northern and southern hemisphere winter. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 80, 973-984.
Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 2004. Role of the Polar-night Jet Oscillation on the formation of the Arctic Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere winter, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2003JD004123.
Kuroda, Y., M. Deushi, and K. Shibata (2007), Role of solar activity in the troposphere-stratosphere coupling in the Southern Hemisphere winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21704, doi:10.1029/2007GL030983.
Kuroda, Y., and K. Shibata, 2006. Simulation of solar-cycle modulation of the Southern Annular Mode using a chemistry- climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05703, doi:10.1029/2005GL025095.
Kuroda, Y., and K. Kodera, 2005. Solar Cycle Modulation of the Southern Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32,L13802, doi:10.1029/2005GL022516.
L
Labitzke, K., 1977. Interannual variability of the winter stratosphere in the northern hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 762-770.
Labitzke, K., 1982. On the interannual variability of the middle stratosphere during the northern winters. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 60, 124-139.
Labitzke, K., 1987. Sunspots, the QBO and the stratospheric temperature in the north polar region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 535-537.
Labitzke, K., 2001. The global signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle in the stratosphere: Differences between solar maxima and minima. Meteorol. Z., 10, 901-908.
Labitzke, K., 2002. The solar signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle in the stratosphere: Differences between the northern and southern summers. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 80, 963-971.
Labitzke, K., 2003. The global signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle in the atmosphere: When do we need the QBO? Meteorol. Z., 12, 209-216.
Labitzke, K., 2004a. On the signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle in the stratosphere and its modulation by the QBO, J. Atm. S.-T. Phys., 66, 1151-1157.
Labitzke, K., 2004b. On the signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle in the stratosphere over the Antarctic and its modulation by the QBO, Meteorol. Z., 13, 263-270.
Labitzke, K. and K. Matthes, 2003. 11-year solar cycle variations in the atmosphere: observations, mechanisms, and models. Holocene, 13 (3), 311-317.
Labitzke, K. und H. van Loon, 1988. Associations between the 11-year solar cycle, the QBO and the atmosphere, part I: The troposphere and stratosphere in the northern hemisphere in winter. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 197-206.
Labitzke, K. und H. van Loon, 1995. Connection between the troposphere and stratosphere on a decadale scale. Tellus, 47A, 275-286.
Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon, 1999. The Stratosphere: Phanomena, History, Relevance. Springer, Berlin.
Labitzke, K., M. Kunze, and S. Brönnimann, 2006. Sunspots, the QBO and the stratospheric temperature in the north polar region - 20 years later, Meteorol. Z., in press.
Labitzke, K., J. Austin, N. Butchart, J. Knight, M. Takahashi, M. Nakamoto, T. Nagashi- ma, J. Haigh und V. Williams, 2002. The global signal of the 11-year solar cycle in the stratosphere: Observations and model results. J. Atm. S.-T. Phys., 64, 203-210.
Labitzke, K., M. Kunze, and S. Brönnimann, 2006. Sunspots, the QBO and the stratospheric temperature in the north polar region - 20 Years later, Meteorol. Zeit., Vol. 15, No. 3, 355-363(9).
Labitzke, K., 2005. On the Solar Cycle-QBO-Relationship: A Summary. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 67, 45-54.
Langematz, U., and K. Matthes (2007), Sensitivity of the 11-Year solar signal to changes in ultraviolet radiation and ozone, J. Geophys. Res., submitted.
Langematz, U., A. Claussnitzer, K. Matthes, and M. Kunze, 2005. The Climate During the Maunder Minimum: A Simulation with the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model (FUB-CMAM). J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 67, 55-69.
Langematz, U., K. Matthes, and L.J. Grenfell, 2005. Solar Impact on Climate: Modeling the Coupling Between the Middle and the Lower Atmosphere, Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 76, 868-875.
Langematz, U., J. L. Grenfell, K. Matthes, P. Mieth, M. Kunze, B. Steil, and C. Brühl, 2005. Chemical Effects in 11-Year Solar Cycle Simulations with the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model with online Chemistry (FUB-CMAM-CHEM). Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13803, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022686.
Larkin, A., J. Haigh und S. Djavidnia, 2000. The effect of solar UV radiation variations on the earth's atmosphere. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 199-214.
Lean, J., 2000a. Short term, direct indices of solar variability. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 39-51.
Lean, J., 2000b. Evolution of the Sun's spectral irradiance since the Maunder Minimum. Geophys. Res. Let., 27, 2425-2428.
Lean, J., 2001. Solar irradiance and climate forcing in the near future. Geophys. Res. Let., 28, 4119-4122.
Lean, J. und D. Rind, 1998. Climate forcing by changing solar radiation. J. Climate, 11, 3069-3094.
Lean, J. und D. Rind, 2001. Earth's repsonse to a variable Sun. Science, 292, 234-236.
Lean, J., J. Beer und R. Bradley, 1995. Reconstructions of solar irradiance since 1610: Impli- cations for climate change. Geophys. Res. Let., 22, 3195-3198.
Lean, J., G. Rottman, H. Kyle, T. Woods, J. Hickey und L. Puga, 1997. Detection and parameterisation of variations in solar mid- and near-ultraviolet radiation (200-400nm). J.
Geophys. Res., 102, 29939-29956.
Lean, J., G. Rottman, J. Harder, and G. Kopp, 2005. SORCE contributions to new understanding of global change and solar variability, Solar Physics, 230, 27-53.
Lee, H. und A. Smith, 2003. Simulation of the combined effects of solar cycle, quasi-biennial oscillation, and volcanic forcing on stratospheric ozone changes in recent decades. J. Geo-
phys. Res., 108 (D2), 4049, doi:10.1029/2001JD001503.
Lindzen, R. und J. Holton, 1968. A theory of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 1095-1107.
Lopez-Bustin, J.A., P. Esteban, K. Labitzke, and U. Langematz (2007), The role of the stratosphere in Iberian Peninsula rainfall: A preliminary approach in February, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 69, 1471-1484.
Lu, H., Jarvis, M. J., Graf, H.-F., Young, P. C., and Horne, R. B. (2007), Lu, Hua; Jarvis, Martin J.; Graf, Hans-F.; Young, Peter C.; Horne, Richard B., J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11109, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007864.
Lübken, F.-J., 2000. Nearly zero temperature trend in the polar summer mesosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3603-3606.
M
Mann, M., 2002. The value of multiple proxies. Science, 297, 1481-1482.
Mann, M., R. Bradley und M. Hughes, 1999. Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millenium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 759-762.
Marsh, D.R., R.R. Garcia, D.E. Kinnison, B.A. Boville, F. Sassi, and S.C. Solomon, and K. Matthes (2007), Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23306, doi:10.1029/2006JD008306.
Marsh, D.R., and R.R. Garcia (2007), Attribution of decadal variability in lower-stratospheric tropical ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21807, doi:10.1029/2007GL030935.
Matthes, K., Y. Kuroda, K. Kodera, and U. Langematz, 2006. The transfer of the solar signal from the stratosphere to the troposphere: Northern Winter, J. Geophys. Res., 111, doi: 10.1029/20005JD006283, in press.
Matthes, K., U. Langematz, L.J. Gray, K. Kodera and K. Labitzke, 2004. Improved 11-year solar signal in the FUB-CMAM. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06101, doi:10.1029/2003JD004012.
Matthes, K., K. Kodera, J. Haigh, D. Shindell, K. Shibata, U. Langematz, E. Rozanov und Y. Kuroda, 2003. GRIPS solar experiments intercomparison project: Initial results. Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, 54, 71-90.
Matthes, K., Y. Kuroda, K. Kodera, and U. Langematz, 2006. Transfer of the Solar Signal from the Stratosphere to the Troposphere: Northern Winter. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06108, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006283.
Maunder, E., 1894. A prolonged sunspot minimum. Knowledge, 17, 173.
Matthes, K., K. Kodera, L. Gray, J. Austin, A. Kubin, U. Langematz, D. Marsh, J. McCormack, K. Shibata, and D. Shindell, 2007: Report on the first SOLARIS workshop 4-6 October 2006, Boulder, Colorado, USA, SPARC Newsletter 28.
Mayr, H. G., Mengel, J. G., Wolff, C. L., Huang, F. T., and Porter, H. S. (2007), The QBO as potential amplifier and conduit to lower altitudes of solar cycle influence, Ann. Geophys., 25, 1071-1092.
McCormack, J., 2003. The influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the quasi-biennial oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2162, doi:10.1029/2003GL018314.
McCormack, J. P. und L. Hood, 1996. Apparent solar cycle variations of upper stratospheric ozone and temperature: Latitude and seasonal dependences. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20933-20944.
McCormack, J., L. Hood, R. Nagatani, A. Miller, W. Planet und R. McPeters, 1997. Approximate separation of volcanic and 11-year signals in the SBUV-SBUV/2 total ozone record over the 1979-1995 period. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2729-2732.
McCormack, J.P., D.E. Siskind, and L.L. Hood, 2007: Solar-QBO interaction and its impact on stratospheric ozone in a zonally averaged photochemical transport model of the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16109, doi:10.1029/2006JD008369.
McCracken, K. G., and Beer, J. (2007), Long-term changes in the cosmic ray intensity at Earth, 1428-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A10101, doi: 10.1029/2006JA012117.
Meehl, G.A., W.M. Washington, C.M. Ammann, J.M. Arblaster, T.M.L. Wigley, and C. Tebaldi, 2004. Combinations of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings in Twentieth-Century Climate, J. Climate, 17, 3721-3727.
Mende, W. und R. Stellmacher, 2000. Solar variability and the search for corresponding climate signals. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 295-306.
Milankovitch, M., 1941. Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Anwendung auf das Eiszeitproblem. Königlich Serbische Akademie, Belgrad, S. 633.
N
Naito, Y., 2002. Planetary wave diagnostics on the QBO effects on the deceleration of the polar-night jet in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Met. Soc. Jap., 80, 985-995.
Naito, Y. und I. Hirota, 1997. Interannual variability of the northern winter stratospheric circulation related to the QBO and the solar cycle. J. Met. Soc. Jap., 75, 925-937.
Naito, Y., and S. Yoden, 2006. Behavior of planetary waves before and after Stratospheric Sudden Warming events in several phases of the equatorial QBO, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1637-1649.
Nastrom, G. und A. Belmont, 1980. Apparent solar cycle influence on long-period oscillations in stratospheric zonal wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 457-460.
Nathan, T.R., and E.C. Cordero, 2007, An ozone-modified refractive index for vertically propagating planetary waves, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D02105, doi:10.1029/2006JD007375.
Naujokat, B., 1981. Long-term variations in the stratosphere of the northern hemisphere during the last two sunspot cycles. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9811-9816.
Naujokat, B., 1986. An update of the observed Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1873-1877.
Naujokat, B., K. Krüger, K. Matthes, J. Hoffmann, M. Kunze und K. Labitzke, 2002. The early major warming in 2001 - exceptional? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(21), 2023, 10.1029/2002GL015316.
Neff, U., S. J. Burns, A. Mangini, M. Mudelsee, D. Fleitmann und A. Matter, 2001. Strong coherence between solar variability and the monsoon in Oman between 9 and 6 kyr ago. Nature, 411, 290-293.
Negendank, J. und Arbeitsgruppe, 2001. 10-1000 Jahre währende Klimawechsel in Eurasien während des letzten Glazialzyklus. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 88, 331, 99-107.
Nissen, K.M., K. Matthes, U. Langematz, and B. Mayer (2007), Towards a better representation of the solar cycle in general circulation models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5391-5400.
Norton, W.A., 2003. Sensitivity of northern hemisphere surface climate to simulation of the stratospheric polar vortex, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (12), 1627, doi:10.1029/2003GL016958.
P
Pang, K. und K. Yau, 2002. Ancient observations link changes in Sun's brightness and Earth's climate. EOS, 83, 481-490.
Pap, J., 2003. Total solar and spectral irradiance variations from near-UV to infrared, In: The variable shape of the sun: Astrophysical Consequences, [ed.] J.P. Rozelot. Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer-Verlag, S. 129-158.
Pap, J., M. Anklin, C. Fröhlich, C. Wehrli, F. Varadi und L. Floyd, 1999. Variations in total solar and spectral irradiance as measured by the VIRGO experiment on SOHO. Adv. Space Res., 24, 215-224.
Pascoe, C.L., L.J. Gray, S.A. Crooks, M.N. Juckes, and M.P. Baldwin, The quasi-biennial oscillation: Analysis using ERA-40 data, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08105, doi: 10.1029/2004JD004941.
Pascoe, C.L., L.J. Gray, S.A. Crooks, M.N. Juckes and M.P. Baldwin., 2005. The Quasi Biennial Oscillation: Analysis using ERA-40 Data. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08105, doi:10.1029/2004JD004941.
Pawson, S., 1992. A note concerning the inability of GCM's to model the QBO. Ann. Geophys., 10, 116-118.
Pawson, S., K. Kodera, K. Hamilton, T. Shepherd, S. Beagley, B. Boville, J. Farrara, T. Fairlie, A. Kitoh, W. Lahoz, U. Langematz, E. Manzini, D. H. Rind, A. A. Scaife, K. Shibata, P. Simon, R. Swinbank, L. Takacs, R. Wilson, J. Al-Saadi, M. Amodei, M. Chiba, L. Coy, J. de Grandpre, R. Eckman, M. Fiorino, W. Grose, H. Koide, J. Koshyk, D. Li, J. Lerner, J. Mahlman, N. McFarlane, C. Mechoso, A. Molod, A. O'Neill, R. Pierce, W. Randel, R. Rood und F. Wu, 2000. The GCM-Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC (GRIPS): Scientific issues and initial results. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 781-796.
Perlwitz, J. und H.-F. Graf, 1995. The statistical connection between tropospheric and stratospheric circulation of the northern hemisphere winter. J. Climate, 8, 2281-2295.
Perlwitz, J., and N. Harnik, 2003. Observational evidence of a stratospheric influence on the troposphere by planetary wave reflection, J. Clim., 16, 3011–3026.
Perlwitz, J., and N. Harnik, 2004. Downward coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere: The relative roles of wave and zonal mean processes, J. Clim., 17, 4902– 4909.
Petit, J., J. Jouzel, D. Raynaud, N. Barkov, J.-M. Barnola, I. Basile, M. Bender, J. Chappellaz, M. Davis, G. Delaygue, M. Delmotte, V. Kotlyakov, M. Legrand, V. Lipenkov, C. Lorius, L. Pepin, C. Ritz, E. Saltzman und M. Stievenard, 1999. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antartica. Nature, 399, 429-436.
Pittock, A., 1978. A critical look at long-term Sun-weather relationships. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 16, 400-420.
Plumb, R. und K. Semeniuk, 2003. Downward migration of extratropical zonal wind anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D7), 4223, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002773.
Polvani, L. und D. Waugh, 2003. Upward wave activity ux as precursor to extreme stratospheric events and subsequent anomalous surface weather regimes. Submitted to J. Climate. ??????????????????
Q
Quiroz, R., 1979. Stratosperic temperatures during solar cycle 20. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2415-2420.
Quiroz, R. S., 1981. Period modulation of the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 665-674.
R
Rahmstorf, S., 2003. Timing of abrupt climate change: A precise clock. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1510, doi:10.0129/2003GL017115.
Randel, W., R. R. Garcia und F. Wu, 2002a. Time-dependent upwelling in the tropical lower stratosphere estimated from the zonal-mean momentum budget. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2141-2152.
Randel, W., E. Fleming, M. Geller, M. Gelman, K. Hamilton, D. Karoly, D. Ortland, S. Pawson, R. Swinbank, P. Udelhofen, F. Wu, M. Baldwin, M.-L. Chanin, P. Keckhut, K. Labitzke, E. Remsberg, A. Simmons und D. Wu, 2002b. The SPARC intercomparison of Middle Atmosphere Climatologies. WCRP - 116, WMO/TD-No. 1142, Sparc Report, No. 3.
Randel, W., and F. Wu (2007), A stratospheric ozone profile data set for 1979-2005: variability, trends, and comparisons with ozone column data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06313, doi:10.1029/2006JD007339.
Raynaud, D., 2001. 420.000 years of climatic change: The reference record obtained from the Vostok Antarctic ice core. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 88, 331, 17-20.
Reed, R., W. Campbell, L. Rasmussen und D. Rogers, 1961. Evidence of a downward- propagating, annual wind reversal in the equatorial stratophere. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 813-818.
Rembsberg, E.E. (2007), A reanalysis for the seasonal and longer-period cycles and the trends in middle-atmosphere temperature from the Halogen Occultation Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09118, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007489.
Reid, G., 2000. Solar variability and the Earth's climate. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 1-11.
Remsberg, E., P. Bhatt und L. Deaver, 2002. Seasonal and long-term variations in middle atmosphere temperature from HALOE on UARS. J. Gephys. Res, 107(D19), 4411, doi: 10.1029/JD001366.
Rind, D. und N. Balachandran, 1995. Modeling the effects of UV variability and the QBO on the troposphere-stratosphere system. Part II: The troposphere. J. Climate, 8, 2080-2095.
Rind, D., J. Lean und R. Healy, 1999. Simulated time-dependent climate response to solar radiative forcing since 1600. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1973-1990.
Rind, D., P. Lonergan, N. Balachandran und D. Shindell, 2002a. 2xCO2 and solar variability in uence on the troposphere through wave-mean ow interactions. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 80, 863-876.
Rind, D., P. Lonergan, J. Lean, D. Shindell und J. Perlwitz, 2002b. On the relative importance of solar and anthropogenic forcing of climate change for the Maunder Minimum (Little Ice Age) compared to today. Submitted to J. Geophys. Res. ????????????????????????
Roscoe, H.K., and J.D. Haigh (2007), Influences of ozone depletion, the solar cycle and the QBO on the Southern Annular Mode, Q .J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 1855-1864.
Rottman, G., 2000. Variations of solar ultraviolet irradiance observed by the UARS Solstice - 1991 to 1999. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 83-91.
Rottman, G. und R. Cahalan, 2000. 2nd science team meeting for the solar radiation and climate experiment - SORCE. EOS, 12(6), 22-27.
Rozanov, E., M. Schlesinger, N. Andronova, T. Egorova, S. Malyshev, F. Yang und V. Zubov, 2002. Sensitivity of the UIUC stratosphere-troposphere GCM with interactive photochemistry to the observed increase of solar UV radiation. Submitted to J. Geophys. Res. ?????????????
Rozanov, E. V., M. E. Schlesinger, T. A. Egorova, B. Li, N. Andronova, and V. A. Zubov, 2004. Atmospheric response to the observed increase of solar UV radiation from solar minimum to solar maximum simulated by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign climate-chemistry model, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D01110, doi:10.1029/2003JD003796.
Rozanov, E., T. Egorova, W. Schmutz, and Th. Peter, 2006. Simulation of the stratospheric ozone and temperatur e response to the solar irradiance variability during Sun rotation cycle, submitted to J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
E. Rozanov, L. Callis, M. Schlesinger, F. Yang, N. Andronova, and V. Zubov, 2005. Atmospheric response to NOy source due to energetic electron precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14811, doi:10.1029/2005GL023041.
Ruzmaikin, A. und J. Feynman, 2002. Solar influence on a major mode of atmospheric variability. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D14), doi:10.1029/2001JD001239.
Ruzmaikin, A., Santee, M. L., Schwartz, M. J., Froidevaux, L., and Pickett, H. M. (2007), The 27-day variations in stratospheric ozone and temperature: New MLS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02819, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028419.
S
Salby, M. und P. Callaghan, 2000. Connection between the solar cycle and the QBO: The missing link. J. Clim., 13, 2652-2662.
Salby, M. und P. Callaghan, 2003a. Systematic changes of stratospheric temperature: Relationship between the tropics and extratropics. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4101, doi:10.1029/2001JD002034.
Salby, M. und P. Callaghan, 2003b. Interannual changes of the stratospheric circulation: Influence on the tropics and the southern hemisphere. submitted to J. Clim. ??????????????
Salby, M. und P. Callaghan, 2004. Evidence of the solar cycle in the general circulation of the stratosphere. J. Climate, 17, 34-46.
Salby, M. und D. Shea, 1991. Correlations between solar activity and the atmosphere: An unphysical explanation. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,579-22,595.
Scaife, A., N. Butchart, C. Warner, D. Staniforth, W. Norton und J. Austin, 2000a. Realistic Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in a simulation of the global climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3481-3484.
Scaife, A., J. Austin, N. Butchart, S. Pawson, M. Keil, J. Nash und I. James, 2000b. Seasonal and interannual variability of the stratosphere diagnosed from UKMO-TOVS analyses. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 2585-2604.
Scherhag, R., 1952. Die explosionsartige Stratosphärenerwärmungen des Spätwinters 1951/52. Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes in der US-Zone, 38, 51-63.
Scherhag, R., 1962. Langperiodische Schwankungen der Stratosphärenzirkulation. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 35, 245-251.
Schlesinger, M. und N. Andronova, 2004. Has the Sun changed climate? Modeling the effect of solar variability on climate. In " Solar variability and its effect on the Earth's atmospheric and climate system", AGU Monograph Series, Eds. J. Pap et al., American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C. ???????????????????????
Schmidt, H. and G. P. Brasseur, 2006. The response of the middle atmosphere to solar cycle forcing in the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 125, 345-356.
Schmidt, H., G. P. Brasseur, M. Charron, E. Manzini, M. A. Giorgetta, T. Diehl, V. I. Fomichev, D. Kinnison, D. Marsh, and S. Walters, 2006. The HAMMONIA chemistry climate model: Sensitivity of the mesopause region to the 11-year solar cycle and CO2 doubling. J. Climate, 19, 3903-3931, doi:10.1175/JCLI3829.1.
Sekiyama, T.T., K. Shibata, M. Deushi, K. Kodera, and J.L. Lean, 2006. Stratospheric ozone variation induced by the 11-year solar cycle: Recent 22-year simulation using a 3-D chemical transport model with reanalysis data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17812, doi:10.1029/2006GL026711.
She, C. und D. Krueger, 2003. Impact of natural variability in the 11-year mesopause region temperature observation over Fort Collins, CO (41N, 105W). Submitted to Adv. Space Res. ?????????????
She, C., J. Sherman, J. Vance, T. Yuan, Z. Hu, B. Williams, K. Arnold, P. Acott und D. Krueger, 2002. Evidence of solar cycle effect in the mesopause region: observed temperatures in 1999 and 2000 at 98.5km over Fort Collins, CO (41N, 105W). J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 64, 1651-1657.
Shepherd, T., 2002. Issues in stratosphere-troposphere coupling. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 80,769-792.
Shindell, D., G. Schmidt, R. Miller und M. Mann, 2003. Volcanic and solar forcing of climate change during the preindustrial era. Submitted to Science. ????????????????????????????????
Shindell, D., G. Schmidt, R. Miller und D. Rind, 2001b. Northern hemisphere winter climate response to greenhouse gas, ozone, solar, and volcanic forcing. J. Geophys. Res, 106, 7193-7210.
Shindell, D., D. Rind, N. Balachandran, J. Lean und P. Lonergan, 1999. Solar cycle variability, ozone and climate. Science, 284, 305-308.
Shindell, D., G. Schmidt, M. Mann, D. Rind und A. Waple, 2001a. Solar forcing of regional climate during the Maunder Minimum. Science, 294, 2149-2152.
Shindell, D.T., G. Faluvegi, R.L. Miller, G.A. Schmidt, J.E. Hansen, and S. Sun, 2006, Solar and anthropogenic forcing of tropical hydrology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24706, doi:10.1029/2006GL027468.
Smith, A.K., and K. Matthes (2008), Decadal Scale Periodicities in the stratosphere associated with the solar cycle and the QBO, J. Geophys. Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2007JD009051, in press.
Solanki, S. und Y. Unruh, 1998. A model of the wavelength dependence of solar irradiance variations. Astron. Astrophys., 329, 747-753.
Song, Y., and W.A. Robinson, 2004. Dynamical mechanisms for stratospheric influences on the troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1711–1725.
Sonnemann, G. R.; Grygalashvyly, M. (2007), The relationship between the occurrence rate of major stratospheric warmings and solar Lyman-alpha flux, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D20101, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008718.
Soukharev, B. und L. Hood, 2001. Possible solar modulation of the equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation: Additional statistical evidence. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14855-14868.
Soukharev, B.E., and L.L. Hood, 2006. The Solar Cycle Variation of Stratospheric Ozone: Multiple Regression Analysis of Long-Term Satellite Data Sets and Comparisons with Models, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20314, doi:10.1029/2006JD007107.
Stager, J. C., Ruzmaikin, A., Conway, D., Verburg, P., Mason, P. J. (2007), Sunspots, El Nino, and the levels of Lake Victoria, East Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15106, doi: 10.1029/2006JD008362.
Stenchikov, G., A. Robock, V. Ramaswamy, M. Schwarzkopf, K. Hamilton und S. Ramachandran, 2002. Arctic Oscillation response to the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption: Effects of volcanic aerosols and ozone depletion. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4803, doi:10.1029/2002JD002090.
Svensmark, H. und E. Friis-Christensen, 1997. Variation of cosmic ray ux and global cloud coverage - a missing link in solar-climate relationships. J. Atmos. Terrest. Phys., 59, 1225-1232.
T
Tett, S., G. Jones, P. Stott, D. Hill, J. Mitchell, M. Allen, W. Ingram, T. Johns, C. Johnson, A. Jones, D. L. Roberts, D. Sexton und M. Woodage, 2002. Estimation of natural and anthropogenic contributions to twentieth century temperature change. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D16), doi:10.1029/2000JD000028.
Thompson, D. und J. Wallace, 1998. The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1297-1300.
Thompson, D.W.J., and J.M. Wallace, 2000. Annular modes in extratropical circulation. Part 1: Month-to-month variability, J. Clim., 13, 1000–1016.
Thompson, D.W.J., M.P. Baldwin, J.M. Wallace, 2002. Stratospheric connection to northern hemisphere wintertime weather: Implications for prediction, J. Clim., 15, 1421–1428.
Thompson, L., E. Mosley-Thompson, M. Davis, K. Henderson, H. Brecher, V. Zagorodnov, T. Mashiotta, P.-N. Lin., V. Mikhalenko, D. Hardy und J. Beer, 2002. Kilimanjaro ice core records: Evidence of Holocene climate change in tropical Africa. Science, 298, 589-593.
Thuburn, J., and G.C. Craig, 2000. Stratospheric Influence on Tropopause Height: The Radiative Constraint, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 17–28.
Tian, W., M.P. Chipperfield, L.J. Gray, and J.M. Zawodny, 2006, Quasi-biennial oscillation and tracer distributions in a coupled chemistry-climate model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20301, doi:10.1029/2005JD006871.
Tinsley, B. und F. Yu, 2004. Atmospheric ionization and clouds as links between solar activity and climate. In " Solar variability and its effects on the Earth's atmospheric and climate system", Eds. J. Pap et al., AGU Press, Washington, 25, 19pp. ?????????????????
de La Torre, L., Gimeno, L., AÒel, J. A., Nieto, R. (2007), The role of the solar cycle in the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 24, 191-198.
Toniazzo, T., and A.A. Scaife, 2006, The influence of ENSO on winter North Atlantic climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24704, doi:10.1029/2006GL027881.
Tourpali, K., C. Schuurmans, R. van Dorland, B. Steil und C. Brühl, 2003. Stratospheric and tropospheric response to enhanced solar UV-radiation: A model study. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(5), doi: 10.1029/2002GL016650.
Tourpali, K., Zerefos, C. S., Balis, D. S., and Bais, A. F. (2007), The 11-year solar cycle in stratospheric ozone: Comparison between Umkehr and SBUVv8 and effects on surface erythemal irradiance, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12306, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007760.
K. Tourpali, C.J.E. Schuurmans, R. van Dorland, B. Steil, C. Brühl, and E. Manzini, 2005. Solar cycle modulation of the Arctic Oscillation in a chemistry-climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17803, doi:10.1029/2005GL023509.
Tourre, Y., B. Rajagopalan, Y. Kushnir, M. Barlow und W. White, 2001. Patterns of cohe- rent decadal and interdecadal climate signals in the Pacific basin during the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2069-2072.
U
Unruh, Y., S. Solanki und M. Fligge, 2000. Modelling solar irradiance variations: Comparison with observations, including line-ratio variations. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 145-152.
V
van Loon, H. und K. Labitzke, 2000. The influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the stratosphere below 30 km: A review. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 259-278.
van Loon, H., G.A. Meehl, and J.M. Arblaster, 2004. A decadal solar effect in the tropics in July-August, J. Atm. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 66, 1767–1778.
van Loon, H. und D. Shea, 2000. The global 11-year signal in July-August. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2965-2968.
van Loon, H., G.A. Meehl, and D. Shea, 2007. The Effect of the Decadal Solar Oscillation in the Pacific Troposphere in Northern Winter, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D02108, doi:10.1029/2006JD007378.
Veryard, R. und R. Ebdon, 1961. Fluctuations in tropical stratospheric winds. Meteor. Mag., 90, 125-143.
von Cossart, G. und J. Taubenheim, 1987. Solar cycle and long-period variations of mesospheric temperatures. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49, 303-307.
W
Wei, K., Chen, W., Huang, R. (2007), Association of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures with the stratospheric Holton-Tan Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16814, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030478.
Wetherald, R. und S. Manabe, 1975. The effects of changing the solar constant on the climate of a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 2044-2059.
White, W. und Y. Tourre, 2003. Global SST/SLP waves during the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(12), 1651, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017055.
White, W.B., 2006, Response of tropical global ocean temperature to the Sun's quasi-decadal UV radiative forcing of the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C09020, doi:10.1029/2004JC002552.
Williams, V., J. Austin und J. Haigh, 2001. Model simulations of the impact of the 27-day solar rotation period on stratospheric ozone and temperature. Adv. Space Res., 27, 1933-1942.
Willson, R., 2001. The ACRIMSAT/ACRIM III experiment - extending the precision, long-term total solar irradiance climate database. EOS, 3(3), 14-17.
Willson, R. und A. Mordinov, 2003. Secular total solar irradiance trend during solar cycles 21 and 22. Geophys. Res. Let., 30, 1199-1202.
World Meteorological Organisation (2006), Scientific Assessement of Ozone Depletion: 2006, Global Ozone Res. and Monit. Proj. Rep. 50, World Meteorolog. Organ. Ozone Secr., Geneva, Switzerland.